Bragstad K, Emborg HD, K?lsen Fischer T, Voldstedl. Low vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) virus among elderly people in Denmark in 2012/13 – a rapid epidemiological and virological assessment. Eurosurveillance, Volume 18, Issue 6, 07 February
In Denmark, the 2012/13 influenza season has been dominated by influenza A(H3N2). We estimated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the trivalent influenza vaccine by linking national registers in a test-negative case–control study of patients tested for influenza aged ≥65 years. The adjusted VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza A and B was -11% (95% CI: -41 to 14) and 69% (95% CI: 26 to 87), respectively. Genetic characterisation of the influenza A(H3N2) viruses indicated genetic drift, with seven substitutions at key antigenic sites
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