SHI M, Jagger BW, Wise HM, Digard P, et al. Evolutionary conservation of the PA-X open reading frame in segment 3 of influenza A virus. J Virol. 2012
PA-X is a fusion protein of influenza A virus encoded in part from a +1 frameshifted ´X-ORF´ in segment 3. We show that the X-ORF of diverse influenza A viruses can be divided into two groups that differ in selection pressure and likely function, reflected in the presence of an internal stop codon and a change in synonymous diversity. Notably, truncated forms of PA-X evolved convergently in swine and dogs, suggesting a strong species-specific effect.
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