WESTGEEST KB, de Graaf M, Fourment M, Bestebroer T. Genetic Evolution of Neuraminidase of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses from 1968 to 2009 and its Correspondence to Hemagglutinin. J Gen Virol. 2012
Each year, influenza viruses cause epidemics by evading preexisting humoral immunity through mutations in the major glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA). In 2004, Smith et al. mapped the antigenic evolution of HA of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses from its introduction in humans in 1968 until 2003. Here, we have focused on the genetic evolution of NA and compared it to HA using the dataset of Smith et al., updated to the epidemic of the 2009/2010 season. Phylogenetic trees and genetic maps were constructed to visualize the genetic evolution of NA and HA. The study revealed multiple reassortment events over the years. Overall rates of evolutionary change were lower for NA than for HA1 at the nucleotide level. Selection pressures were estimated revealing an abundance of negatively selected sites and sparse positively selected sites. The differences found between the evolution of NA and HA1 warrant further analysis of the evolution of NA at the phenotypic level, as was previously done for HA.
See Also:
Latest articles in those days:
- The surveillance programme for avian influenza (AI) in Norwegian wildlife 2025 6 hours ago
- The surveillance programme for avian influenza (AI) in poultry in Norway 2025 6 hours ago
- Emergence of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Southern China: Genetic Complexity and Pathogenicity in Chickens and Mice 6 hours ago
- Pathological evidence of neurotropism and oculotropism in wild black-headed gulls naturally infected with H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza 6 hours ago
- Birth cohort effects in adults associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine effectiveness 18 hours ago
[Go Top] [Close Window]


