FAO. Wild bird highly pathogenic avian influenza surveillance-Sample collection from healthy, sick and dead birds. FAO
Waterfowl and shorebirds are considered to be the natural reservoirs for all avian influenza virus subtypes and, in general, most subtypes cause little or no disease in wildlife. However, type A influenza has undergone a combination of genetic drifts and shifts that have resulted in the H5N1 AI virus strain causing morbidity and mortality in many wildlife species. Although some surveillance has started, more research is necessary to determine the role that healthy wildlife plays in transporting and shedding virus.
This manual provides basic guidelines for wildlife surveillance and disease investigation whatever their cause. It contains chapters on clinical signs of infectious disease, bird handling and sample collection methods, sample handling and transportation, and diagnostic techniques. It also contains important recommendations on disinfection and personal safety.
Wild bird highly pathogenic avian influenza surveillance.pdf
Table of contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
CHAPTER 1
Clinical signs of infectious disease
CHAPTER 2
Live bird handling
Blood sampling
Euthanasia
CHAPTER 3
Dead bird collection
Sampling strategy for H5N1 AI
CHAPTER 4
Avian Necropsy Protocol
Necropsy Occupational Health and Safety
Avian Necropsy Protocol
External examination
Internal Examination
CHAPTER 5
Necropsy sample collection
CHAPTER 6
Sample collection
Details regarding samples to be collected during a necropsy
CHAPTER 7
Swabbing techniques
Procedure for sampling
CHAPTER 8
Sample handling and transport
Swabs and viral transport media
Serum, plasma and fresh tissues
Formalin fixed tissues
Sample shipment
CHAPTER 9
Diagnostics
Laboratory diagnosis for H5N1 AI
Field tests (point-of-care)
RT-PCR
CHAPTER 10
Carcass disposal
In the field
CHAPTER 11
Disinfection
CHAPTER 12
Personal safety recommendations
Annexes
1. Sick or dead bird sample collection log
2. OIE/FAO Network (OFFLU) and reference laboratories for avian influenza
3. Gross Pathology Illustrations
See Also:
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