Routine serological tests were used to determine the carder condition of influenza virus and the antibodies against fowl influenza virus in free-living waterfowls of national protection grade, such as mallards, starlings, swans and red-crowned cranes in Yancheng country of Jiangsu province. Altogether, 144 samples of throat swabs and cloaca specimens from these free-living birds were collected, in which 13 strains of fowl infuenza virus subtype H4, H3, H6, H9, H5, were isolated and identified from mallards ...

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