Sang-Moo Kang, Lizheng Guo, Qizhi Yao, Ioanna Skountzou, and Richard W. Compans. Intranasal Immunization with Inactivated Influenza Virus Enhances Immune Responses to Coadministered Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Like Particle Antigens. J. Virol., Sep 2004; 78: 9624 - 9632
Intranasal Immunization with Inactivated Influenza Virus Enhances Immune Responses to Coadministered Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Like Particle Antigens
Sang-Moo Kang,1,

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,1 Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas2
Received 28 January 2004/ Accepted 27 April 2004
Intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus vaccine can provide protective immunity, whereas many other antigens are less effective when used for mucosal immunization. To determine whether influenza virus could enhance immune responses to an antigen coadministered to a mucosal surface, we studied the intranasal immunization of mice with a mixture of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) virus-like particles (VLPs) and inactivated influenza virus. Compared to mice immunized with SHIV VLPs alone, mice coimmunized with SHIV VLPs and inactivated influenza virus showed significant increases in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA antibodies specific to the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein, neutralizing activities, numbers of gamma interferon- and interleukin 4-secreting lymphocytes, and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activities. The levels of enhancement of immune response by coimmunization with inactivated influenza virus were equivalent to those induced by inclusion of immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG DNA). We also observed that SHIV VLPs bind to influenza virus virions, forming mixed aggregates. These results indicate that inactivated influenza virus can play a role as a mucosal adjuvant to coadministered antigens.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322. Phone: (404) 727-5947. Fax: (404) 727-8250. E-mail: compans@microbio.emory.edu.
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