Li B, Wu Y, Song Y, Guo H, Qin G, Lin L, Zhao H, R. Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Triple-Reassortant H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus Isolated in Guangdong. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2026 Apr 10;2026:7175378
An H1N1 subtype swine influenza virus (SIV) was isolated from nasal swabs collected from pigs with suspected swine influenza (SI) on a farm in Guangdong, China. The virus, designated A/Swine/Guangdong/JJK/2025(H1N1) (abbreviated as JJK), underwent whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, which confirmed that it is a triple-reassortant strain. The hemagglutination (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes originated from the Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 lineage, the internal genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, and M) originated from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 lineage, and the NS gene originated from the triple-reassortant H1N2 lineage. Each of the eight gene segments showed the highest homology to a different reference virus. Analysis of key amino acid substitutions identified multiple mutations in proteins, such as HA, PB2, and PB1, that are associated with enhanced mammalian adaptation, increased virulence, and modulation of host immune responses. Animal pathogenicity testing demonstrated that JJK was significantly pathogenic in female BALB/c mice, with an MLD50 of 104.67 EID50/50 μL, and caused severe lung lesions with high viral loads. However, in piglets, infection elicited substantial increases in serum inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10) but produced only mild clinical signs and limited pulmonary inflammation. To address the need for continuous surveillance of these evolving lineages, this study characterizes the genetic features and differential pathogenicity of a reassortant H1N1 SIV in distinct animal models, providing essential evidence to support epidemiological surveillance, risk assessment, and integrated control strategies for SI in China.
See Also:
Latest articles in those days:
- Imported case of avian influenza A(H9N2) virus infection in a patient with miliary tuberculosis, Italy, March 2026 21 hours ago
- Characterization and Genetic Evolution of H6N2 Subtype AIV Isolates from Aquatic Birds 1 days ago
- Evaluation of experiences in mass depopulation of upland gamebirds in response to HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in North America: a mixed-methods study 1 days ago
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus RNA in Bovine Semen, California, USA, 2024 2 days ago
- Rapid expansion of genotype D1.1A(H5N1) influenza viruses in wild birds across North America during the 2024 migratory season 2 days ago
[Go Top] [Close Window]


