Hada A, Xiao Z. T Cell Responses to Influenza Infections in Cattle. Viruses. 2025; 17(8):1116
Influenza viruses are major threats to global health, with potential to cause widespread disease in both humans and animals. Cattle, once considered resistant, are susceptible hosts for multiple influenza viruses, including influenza A, C and D, while no evidence currently supports infection with influenza B virus. Cattle serve not only as natural reservoirs for influenza D virus but also as emerging spillover hosts for highly pathogenic avian influenza A strains like H5N1. Their role in sustaining viral circulation, facilitating interspecies transmission, and potentially contributing to viral evolution raises significant concerns about future global outbreaks. As host immunity controls viral clearance and spread, understanding how cattle respond to influenza is essential. While most research has focused on antibody-mediated immunity, T cells play indispensable roles in controlling influenza infections by regulating antibody response, clearing infected cells, and providing long-term protection. However, bovine T cell responses to influenza remain poorly characterized. Given that most research has focused on mice and humans, this review outlines current knowledge of bovine T cell responses to influenza viruses in comparison to these well-characterized models. Cross-species comparative studies are essential to identify species-specific immunity, guide cattle vaccine development, and build predictive models to evaluate future pandemic potential.
See Also:
Latest articles in those days:
- Emergence of a genetically distinct cluster of influenza A(H3N2) viruses within subclade J.2.2 associated with hospitalization during the 2024-2025 season in Auvergne-Rh?ne-Alpes, France 2 hours ago
- Interaction between DEAD-box RNA helicase 10 and influenza PB1 polymerase selectively regulates influenza A virus replication 2 hours ago
- Genetic Diversity of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Korea During the 2025-2026 Winter Season and Pathogenicity of H5N1 and H5N9 Viruses 2 hours ago
- Update and optimization of a multiplex RT-qPCR assay to overcome diagnostic failure in emerging influenza A(H3N2) subclades J.2 and K (Peru, 2024-2026) 2 hours ago
- Antigenic and structural analysis of the influenza hemagglutinin lateral patch 2 hours ago
[Go Top] [Close Window]


