Objective
To analyze the monitoring results of avian influenza viruses in the external environment in Xiangyang City from 2020 to 2022, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of avian influenza viruses.
Methods
The nucleic acid test results of avian influenza viruses in the external environment in Xiangyang City from 2020 to 2022 were collected, and the monitoring data were statistically and analytically analyzed using Excel 2010 and SPSS 26.0 software; the differences in the positivity rate of avian influenza viruses in the external environment of Xiangyang City in different years, places and regions were compared.
Results
In Xiangyang City, 460 avian influenza samples in the external environment from 2020 to 2022 were collected and tested, and 290 positive samples of influenza A viruses were detected, with a positive rate of 63.04%, of which 240 were H9 subtypes (positive rate 52.17%), 6 were H5 subtypes (positive rate 1.30%), 38 were H5+H9 subtypes (positive rate 8.26%), 1 was H5+H7 subtypes (positive rate 0.22%), and 5 were unsub-typed (positive rate 1.09%). The positivity rate in the first quarter was 82.39% (131/159), which was highest. Among the 3 types of surveillance sites, the live poultry market had the highest positive rate, which was 67.76% (290/428). Among different types of samples, the wiped samples from the surface of slaughtered or placed poultry board had the highest positive rate, which was 75.15% (127/169). The difference in the positivity rates of avian influenza virus among different types of specimens was statistically significant ( χ2=
18.813, P<0.05). The highest positive rate among different monitoring areas was found in Nanzhang County, which was 95.83%(23/24), and the difference in the positive rates of avian influenza viruses among different monitoring areas was statistically significant ( χ2=44.218, P<0.05).
Conclusions
Avian influenza virus contamination is prevalent in the external environment of live poultry markets in Xiangyang City, with H9 subtype being the main pathogen and the highest detection rate in the first quarter of each year. The disinfection and cleaning of the areas such as board and knives used for slaughtering and laying out the poultry meat should be effectively done