Cheng Z, Sun Y, Shen Y, Wu X, Pan L, Wu H, Bai Y,. A Single Mutation at Position 214 of Influenza B Hemagglutinin Enhances Cross-Neutralization. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2025 Feb 17:2467770
High variability of influenza B virus (IBV) hemagglutinin (HA) impairs the cross- neutralization ability of vaccines, leading to reduce efficacy. We identified significant differences in cross-neutralization between IBV strains B/Wyoming/06/2014 and B/Brisbane/60/2008, which differ in only three amino acid residues. The 214 T point mutation was found to dramatically enhance cross-neutralization (>10-fold). Antibody-based reverse validation also revealed that this mutation significantly increased the neutralization capacity (500-62,500-fold). Furthermore, monitoring revealed that the mutation rate at this site has reached its highest level in nearly 20 years, with a prevalence exceeding 80% in sequences submitted from certain regions. Our findings provide new evidence for the selection of vaccine strains with improved cross- neutralization effects, which will aid the development of broad-spectrum vaccines by modifying minimal antigenic epitopes.
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