This study provides an analysis of the epidemiological dynamics of main poultry diseases in Kazakhstan, including highly-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), H9N2 subtype associated lowpathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD), chicken anemia virus (CAV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), M. synoviae (MS), and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) induced infections. We assessed disease prevalence, genetic variability, and control measures by utilizing official WOAH data, scientific literature, laboratory analyses (PCR and serology), and veterinary surveys. HPAI exhibited a significantly higher prevalence (10.67%) than ND (4.88%), with considerable variability driven by biosecurity and environmental factors. Genetic sequencing revealed the circulation of virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotypes, such as VIIi and VII.2, highly similar to European and Asian strains. Serologic studies identified widespread exposure to MG, MS, and ORT, with evidence of vertical and horizontal transmission. CAV and LPAI H9 showed notable seroprevalence, underscoring endemicity and gaps in vaccination protocols.Our findings highlight the need for enhanced biosecurity, standardized vaccination programs, and routine monitoring to mitigate disease impact. This integrated approach provides valuable insights to support evidence-based decision-making for poultry health management in Kazakhstan.