Williams BJM, Ogbunugafor CB, Althouse BM, Hébert-. Immunity-induced criticality of the genotype network of influenza A (H3N2) hemagglutinin. PNAS Nexus. 2022 Aug 5;1(4):pgac143
Seasonal influenza kills hundreds of thousands every year, with multiple constantly changing strains in circulation at any given time. A high mutation rate enables the influenza virus to evade recognition by the human immune system, including immunity acquired through past infection and vaccination. Here, we capture the genetic similarity of influenza strains and their evolutionary dynamics with genotype networks. We show that the genotype networks of influenza A (H3N2) hemagglutinin are characterized by heavy-tailed distributions of module sizes and connectivity indicative of critical behavior. We argue that (i) genotype networks are driven by mutation and host immunity to explore a subspace of networks predictable in structure and (ii) genotype networks provide an underlying structure necessary to capture the rich dynamics of multistrain epidemic models. In particular, inclusion of strain-transcending immunity in epidemic models is dependent upon the structure of an underlying genotype network. This interplay is consistent with self-organized criticality where the epidemic dynamics of influenza locates critical regions of its genotype network. We conclude that this interplay between disease dynamics and network structure might be key for future network analysis of pathogen evolution and realistic multistrain epidemic models.
See Also:
Latest articles in those days:
- Risk of infection of dairy cattle in the EU with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus affecting dairy cows in the United States of America (H5N1, Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b. ge 15 hours ago
- Avian influenza overview September - November 2025 16 hours ago
- [preprint]Airway organoids reveal patterns of Influenza A tropism and adaptation in wildlife species 16 hours ago
- Cats are more susceptible to the prevalent H3 subtype influenza viruses than dogs 18 hours ago
- Overview of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in wildlife from Central and South America, October 2022-September 2025 18 hours ago
[Go Top] [Close Window]


