Wong SS, Oshansky CM, Guo XJ, Ralston J, et al. Severe influenza is characterized by prolonged immune activation: results from the SHIVERS cohort study. J Infect Dis 2017 Nov 3
Background: The immunologic factors underlying severe influenza are poorly understood. To address this, we compared the immune responses of influenza-confirmed hospitalized individuals with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) to those of non-hospitalized individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI).
Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from ILI (N=27) and SARI-patients (N=27) at time of enrollment and then two weeks later. Innate and adaptive cellular immune responses were assessed by flow-cytometry and serum cytokines were assessed by bead-based assay.
Results: During the acute phase, SARI was associated with significantly reduced numbers of circulating myeloid dendritic cells, CD192+ monocytes, and influenza-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells compared to ILI. By convalescence however, most SARI cases displayed continued immune activation characterized by increased numbers of CD16+ monocytes and proliferating, and influenza-specific, CD8+ T -cells compared to ILI. SARI was also associated with, reduced amounts of cytokines that regulate T-cell responses (IL4, IL13, IL12, IL10, TNFβ) and hematopoiesis (IL3, GM-CSF) but increased amounts of a pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα), chemotactic cytokines (MDC, MCP1, GRO, Fractalkine) and growth-promoting cytokines (PDGFBB/AA, VEGF, EGF) compared to ILI.
Conclusions: Severe influenza cases showed a delay in the peripheral immune activation that likely led prolonged inflammation compared to mild influenza.
Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from ILI (N=27) and SARI-patients (N=27) at time of enrollment and then two weeks later. Innate and adaptive cellular immune responses were assessed by flow-cytometry and serum cytokines were assessed by bead-based assay.
Results: During the acute phase, SARI was associated with significantly reduced numbers of circulating myeloid dendritic cells, CD192+ monocytes, and influenza-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells compared to ILI. By convalescence however, most SARI cases displayed continued immune activation characterized by increased numbers of CD16+ monocytes and proliferating, and influenza-specific, CD8+ T -cells compared to ILI. SARI was also associated with, reduced amounts of cytokines that regulate T-cell responses (IL4, IL13, IL12, IL10, TNFβ) and hematopoiesis (IL3, GM-CSF) but increased amounts of a pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα), chemotactic cytokines (MDC, MCP1, GRO, Fractalkine) and growth-promoting cytokines (PDGFBB/AA, VEGF, EGF) compared to ILI.
Conclusions: Severe influenza cases showed a delay in the peripheral immune activation that likely led prolonged inflammation compared to mild influenza.
See Also:
Latest articles in those days:
- The evolution, complexity, and diversity of swine influenza viruses in China: A hidden public health threat 2 days ago
- MHC class II proteins mediate sialic acid independent entry of human and avian H2N2 influenza A viruses 2 days ago
- Histopathologic Features and Viral Antigen Distribution of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b from the 2022–2023 Outbreak in Iowa Wild Birds 2 days ago
- Detection and characterization of H5N1 HPAIV in environmental samples from a dairy farm 2 days ago
- Genomic Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5N1 Virus Newly Emerged in Dairy Cattle 2 days ago
[Go Top] [Close Window]