Approaches to control
AI is an emerging disease of animal origin. The need for a medium to long term view is recognised. Countries are taking a range of approaches to strategy - planned, opportunistic, or laissez faire. Elements of strategy can include: stamping out of outbreaks that occur; compensation / "support" / credit; surveillance / monitoring; import control; the use of vaccination; compartmentalisation.

Impacts
Social and economic impacts result from

• animal health concerns and measures

• human health concerns and measures

• loss of livelihood and structural change

Animal health measures affect

• costs of mortality, morbidity and production loss following infection
  - investigation, culling, compensation, training, vaccination
  - restocking, new biosecurity
  - cost of lost business/ trade

• institutional response and communication

• immediate vs. long term interventions/ solutions

• perceptions of farmers

Human health concerns seem to be driving many aspects of the response to Avian Influenza. Human health measures affect

• fatalities and the cost of their prevention

• poultry consumption and hence production

• perceptions regarding food safety and food security

• trade relations between trading nations

Livelihoods and structural change impacts could include the following:

• impact on livelihoods resulting from changed management systems to accommodate higher biosecurity

• community costs from e.g. rearrangement of markets

• organisation and costs of restocking

• new structure for the poultry sector with some former players excluded

• perception of personal insecurity/ uncertainty

• a change in availability of inexpensive and accessible animal protein