General information
Report type: immediate notification
Started on: 2 Jan 2022
End Date: 2 Jan 2022
Confirmed on: 22 Jan 2022
Last occurrence: 25 Mar 2011
Reported on: 2 Feb 2022
Reason of notification: recurrence of an eradicated disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Disease type: H5N1 (HPAI non-poultry including wild birds)
Species: white-tailed eagle
Genotype/ serotype/ subtype:H5N1
Status: resolved
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory, clinical
Animal category: domestic and wild
This event pertains to the whole country

Summary of outbreaks
New outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 3
Outbreak locations: Tomamae-Town1 (1), Nemuro-City 2 (1), Nemuro-City
1 (1)
Started on: 2 Jan 2022
Affected animals
Species / susceptible / cases / deaths / killed and disposed of /
slaughtered or killed for commercial use / vaccinated / morbidity
(calculated) / mortality (calculated)
Large-billed crow (_Corvus macrorhynchos_): Corvidae-Passeriformes /
- / 15 / 15 / 0 / 0 / 0 / - / -
White-tailed eagle (_Haliaeetus albicilla_):
Accipitridae-Accipitriformes / - / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / / - / -
Total / - / 16 / 15 / 0 / 0 / 0 / - / -

Epidemiology
Source of event or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments: Tomamae-Town1; On 2 Jan 2022, a weakened
_Haliaeetus albicilla_ (white-tailed eagle) was collected and tested
against avian influenza virus. On 7 Jan 2022, National Institute for
Environmental Studies conducted RT-PCR. On 22 Jan 2022, Hokkaido
University conducted gene sequencing and confirmed that the subtype of
the virus was H5N1. Nemuro-City 1; On 20 Jan 2022, 5 dead _Corvus
macrorhynchos_ (jungle crow) were collected and tested against avian
influenza virus. On 26 and 27 Jan 2022, Hokkaido University conducted
RT-PCR and gene sequencing respectively and confirmed that the subtype
of the virus was H5N1. Nemuro-City2; on 23 Jan 2022, 10 dead _Corvus
macrorhynchos_ (jungle crow) were collected and tested against avian
influenza virus. On 28 Jan 2022, Hokkaido University conducted RT-PCR
and gene sequencing and confirmed that the subtype of the virus was
H5N1.

Control measures at event level
Domestic control measures
Applied: screening
Wild control measures
Applied: screening; disinfection

Diagnostic test results
Test name / category / test type / laboratory / species sampled /
outbreaks / test date / result
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) / nucleic
acid detection / laboratory test / Hokkaido University, JPN private
laboratory / large-billed crow / 2 / 26-28 Jan 2022 / positive
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) / Nucleic
acid detection / Laboratory Test / National Institute for
Environmental ptudies National Laboratory / white-tailed eagle / 1 / 7
Jan 2022 / - / Positive
Gene sequencing / Genotyping / Laboratory Test / Hokkaido University,
JPN private laboratory / white-tailed eagle/large-billed crow / 3 /
22-28 Jan 2022 / positive