Since January 1, 2006 to September 26, 2006, the Bureau of Epidemiology has received reports of influenza or pneumonia cases in Avian Influenza Surveillance Network from the Provincial Health Offices and Disease Prevention and Control Regional Offices. The investigation and analysis were summarized as follows:
- Cumulative number of patients under surveillance are 5,005 cases 71 provinces. Today reports are 12 cases; Eight cases from Sukhothai, 2 from Phitsanulok, and 1 each from Lopburi and Saraburi.
- Confirmed human case of avian influenza 2006 = 2 cases, with 2 death cases.
· The first death case, reported from Phichit province, Tabklo district is 17 years old male. He had onset on July 15, 2006 and died on July 24, 2006.
· The second death case, reported from Uthai Thani province, Sawang Arom district is 27 years old male. He had onset on July 24, 2006 and died on August 3, 2006.
· The third death case, reported from Nongbualampoo province, Nonsung district is 59 years old male. He had onset on July 14, 2006 and died on August 10, 2006. He was referred to the provincial hospital on 26 of July and the history of exposure to sick bird was revealed.
- There are 17 cases under investigate reported, of which waiting for laboratory result.
Conclusion:
· In 2005, there are 5 confirmed human cases of avian influenza, with 2 death cases.
· In 2006, there are 3 confirmed human dead cases of avian influenza.
II. Avian Influenza International Situation, www.who.int
WHO report in brief : Since 2004, to 25 September 2006, there had been 249 H5N1 confirmed reported cases, with 146 deaths in 10 countries; Vietnam 93 cases with 42 deaths; 24 cases with 16 deaths in Thailand; 67 cases with 51 deaths in Indonesia; Six confirmed dead cases in Cambodia; 21 cases with 14 deaths in China; 14 cases with 6 deaths in Turkey; 3 cases with 2 deaths in Iraq; 8 cases with 5 deaths in Azerbaijan; 14 cases with 6 deaths in Egypt; and one confirmed case in Djibouti. (Table 1)
Table 1 : Details of confirmed H5N1 cases from WHO reports.
|
Year/ |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
TOTAL |
|
Country |
Cases |
Deaths |
Cases |
Deaths |
Cases |
Deaths |
Cases |
Deaths |
Cases |
Deaths |
| Azerbaijan |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
5 |
8 |
5 |
|
Cambodia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
|
China |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
5 |
12 |
8 |
21 |
14 |
|
Djibouti |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Egypt |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
6 |
14 |
6 |
|
Indonesia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
19 |
12 |
49 |
39 |
68 |
51 |
|
Iraq |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|
Thailand |
0 |
0 |
17 |
12 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
25 |
17 |
|
Turkey |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
4 |
12 |
4 |
|
Viet Nam |
3 |
3 |
29 |
20 |
61 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
93 |
42 |
|
TOTAL |
4 |
4 |
46 |
32 |
97 |
42 |
102 |
68 |
249 |
146 |
III. Domestic Avian Influenza in poultry situation
The poultry situation reported from Avian Influenza control center, Department of Livestock Development since January 1, till September 22, 2006, revealed 224 tambons in 40 provinces, are the areas where sick and dead poultry had been reported and waiting laboratory confirmation. Detail could be found from
www.dld.go.th website.
IV. International Avian Influenza in Animals (Type H5)
Avian influenza in animals on the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), World Organisation for Animal Health web site (
http://www.oie.int/eng/en_index.htm or www.dld.go.th); since January 1 to June 25, 2006; confirmed infected poultry of avian influenza in 53 countries.
*Case definitions for Avian Influenza in Humans in Thailand (15 May 2006)
1. Suspect: An individual
· whose body temperature is more than 38°C and who has at least one of the following symptoms: muscle pain, cough, breathing difficulty, or shortness of breath, or physician suspects pneumonia or influenza, and
· who has a history of direct contact with sick or dead poultry in the last 7 days or there were reports of unusual poultry deaths in the village in the last 14 days or had been looking after another pneumonia patient in the last 10 days before illness onset, but
· who does not have a specimen which complies with the recommendation for laboratory testing for Influenza A/H5.
2. Probable case: a suspect
· who developed signs and symptoms of, or died from, acute respiratory failure.
3. Confirmed case: a suspect
· who has a final standard laboratory confirmation of Influenza A/H5 through at least one of the following methods:
A. Single RT-PCR method using two primer/probe sets, or using specimens collected from at least two different locations (such as throat swab and nasopharyngeal aspirate, etc.), or using at least two specimens collected from a patient at different period of illness),
B. Viral culture
C. Neutralization test (four-fold antibody increase between acute and convalescent serum)
4. Case under investigate: a patient
· whose additional clinical information, and/or history of exposure to risk factors, and/or laboratory results are needed before any conclusion can be made.
5. Excluded case: a patient
· who does not fall under any of the above definitions and is therefore excluded.