Natural infections with influenza viruses have been reported in a variety of animal species including human,
pigs, horses, sea mammals, mustelids and birds. Occasionally devastating pandemics occur in domestic chickens
(broiler and layers) and human. During November ,**- to March ,**. in many countries in Asia, there are
outbreaks of H/N+ avian influenza virus, causing of death of infected patients and devastated poultry industry.
Some groups of Thai indigenous chickens are survivable recommended as resistance. These traits were related
to immunogenetics, especially, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules. The
chicken MHC class II was investigated as candidate genes for avian influenza resistance. Seven hundred and
thirty Thai indigenous chickens of small holder farms in the rural area of avian influenza outbreaks in the central
part of Thailand were used in this study. They were separated into two groups, -.* survivable chickens and -3*
dead chickens (resistance and susceptible). Genomic DNA were precipitated from blood samples and feathers.
Diluted DNA was amplified to identify MHC haplotype. Data were statistically analyzed by c, analysis to test
significant differences of influences ofMHC class II haplotypes on avian influenza traits. The results represented
ten MHC class II haplotypes, A3, B+,, B+-, B+., B+3, B,+, B,, B., B/, and B0, and included eighteen of their
crossbred. The homozygous B,+ from these collected samples had +** percent of survival rate and they were
the major survival group. In addition, the heterozygous B,+ also showed high survival rate because of
co-dominant expression of these genes. In the other way, the homozygous B+- had +** percent of mortality rate
and they were the major group of high mortality rate. These results confirmed that MHC class II haplotypes
influenced on avian influenza resistant traits in Thai indigenous chicken. The MHC genes can be used as genetic
markers to improve disease resistant traits in chicken.
Key words : avian influenza virus, major histocompatibility complex, thai indigenous chicken